I noticed this strange object hanging from a cedar adjacent to the one that bore the berries from my previous photo. My first thought was that it might have been caused by an insect. However, a coworker tells me that this is actually a fungus of some sort called cedar apple rust. The structure is referred to as a gall which produces spores.

The disease is carried by the spores from cedar to apple or crabapple trees in the spring, then back to cedars in July and August, completing the cycle.